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What Books Should I read for CSS? Following books and Study resources are available in PDF format and can be downloaded by clicking on the Specific Subject on: 1. English [Click here to download] 800 commonly used Idioms GRE Wordlist 2. Gender Studies [Click here to download] 50 Key Concepts in Gender Studies  Book: Banana, Beaches, and Bases  3. History of USA [Click here to download] Book: History of American People 4. International Law [Click here to download] Book: International Law 5th edition by Malcolm N. Shaw Book: International Law by Harris D.L 5. International Relations [Click here to download] Book: International Relations Key Concepts  Book: International Relations Theory 6. Public Administration  [Click here to download] Book: Introduction to Public Administration (Handouts) 

 By: Salahuddin Bhutto Pakistan has one of the largest canal irrigation systems in the world, ironically, the country lacks an effective water management system. The per capita availability of water, has dropped to 1000 cubic meters, from 5650 cubic meters, per person, since inception. This study aimed to identify the causes and consequences of water shortage in Pakistan and suggests they ways to cope water crisis. The research identified three sets of issue are responsible for present water crisis. First is, irregular rain falls due to climate change, secondly, high handedness of the eastern and western neighbors over international water reservoir regulations. Lastly, domestic causes such as inadequate water storage infrastructure, political conspiracies against the construction of new dams, deteriorating condition of existing irrigation system, extravagant use of water, by agriculturists, industrialists, and households, and the widely accepted norm of dumping waste into water. ...

Historically, gender quota in politics is divided into three phases in Pakistan. The Phase one involves reservation of minimal 3% of quota for women in national and provincial assemblies under first constitution of Pakistan, 1956.   Which was later revised as 2.75% quota in national assembly and 5% in provincial assemblies provided in constitutions of 1962 and 1973. In the Second Phase, women quota in the politics increased up to 10% in 1985 for the period of 10 years. This of course, was also the time when international organisations such as the UN were beginning to recognise the importance of women in public life. In the Third and current phase , Pakistan adopted the Gender Reform Action Plan (GRAP) funded by Asian Development Bank in 2002 and which become the part of PSDP in 2005. GRAP proposed four central policy reform areas in gender and governance. Top of the list was “ to improve women’s representation and participation in political and administrative structures ”. Therefo...

Women's full and equal participation in the political arena is fundamental to democracy and justice. Improving the representation of women at national level politics can deliver broad change.  The Election Act, 2017 has recognized   the need to increase representation of women in politics (as voters and candidates) and imposed three key measures to promote their participation: Returns from any constituency where women’s turnout was less than or equal to 10 percent be nullified. Criminalized the practice of preventing a woman from voting in or contesting an election. At least five percent women quota on general (non-reserved) national and provincial assembly seats. Despite strong legislations and reforms, Pakistani women in politics has continued to face multiple challenges as political candidate due to patriarchal system: Lack of say in party-decision making Lack of funding to support election campaigns Civic or public participation is still problem due to male dominance or so...

Although Pakistan was the first Muslim-majority country to elect a female head of government in 1988, and 60 of 342 seats in the National Assembly and 128 of 728 seats in provincial assemblies are reserved for women, female political participation continues to lag behind that of men – particularly when it comes to voting.  Approximately, 46.7 million Pakistani women are registered to vote. But this still only accounts for  44 percent  of the electorate, though women make up  48.76 percent of the population . When it comes to voting, we need a better overall system to ensure that more and more women are encouraged to come out to the polling stations. But, there’s not just one barrier, it’s a systemic thing where the environment doesn’t enable women to participate politically. Following things are part of problem when it comes to women’s voting:   Challenges in obtaining ID cards   The distance to polling stations Religious and Cultural ...