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CSS Past Paper Analysis IR-2 Passing CSS exam is not hard work it's the game of smart work. Many intelligent and hard working students fail this examination in one paper or other because they fail to predict the anticipated questions, and do not prepare accordingly.  Here I have analyzed past papers of International Relations (paper II) from year 2016-2024, and I have segregated the CSS IR paper two question topic or theme wise.  By reading this post you can easily comprehend that what type of questions repeat each year, and from which theme or category.   CSS Questions About Pakistan-India Conflict (Kashmir, Water, Nuclear rivalry) in IR paper-II: Q. No. 6. One of the most serious dilemmas of the South-Asian politics is the contentious relations between Pakistan and India. What measures would you consider for normalization between the two neighbours? (20) Q. No. 2. Evaluate the significance of conflict between India and Pakistan in global perspective of terrorism. (...

Quotes for International Relation Subject   “The matter of International Relations is very subtle and exquisite.” -Vladimir Zhirinovsky “Realism can break a writer’s heart.” -Salman Rushdie, Shame “An idealist is one who, on noticing that a rose smells better than a cabbage, concludes that it makes a better soup.” -H.L. Mencken “Power always has to be kept in check; power exercised in secret, especially under the cloak of national security, is doubly dangerous.” -William Proxmire “Domestic policy can only defeat us; foreign policy can kill us.” -John F. Kennedy “No foreign policy – no matter how ingenious – has any chance of success if it is born in the minds of a few and carried in the hearts of the none.” -Henry A. Kissinger “Sovereignty is not given, it is taken.” -Kemal Ataturk “Great is the guilt of unnecessary war.” -John Adams “If everyone fought for their own convictions there would be no war.” -Leo Tolstoy “Mankind must put an end to w...

Topics Covered: International Political Economy  Theories of IPE: Mercantilism, Economic Liberalism, and Neo-Marxism Theories of Imperialism: Dependence and Interdependence, World System theory International Political Economy International Political Economy IPE is the study of inter-relationship between economic and politics and between states and markets. It explains how politics is used to gain economic goals and vice versa.  Susan Strange is considered to be founding mother of IPE. She founded IPEG at the Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House in 1971.  It is relatively new sub discipline of IR whose first text book was published in 1977.  But its history dates back to 17 th century when modern nation states after (TOW, 1648) developed their economic policies and overall economic system – Mercantilism.  During that time economic relations were carried in context of Imperialism – small number of states controlled most of the world both ...

Topics Covered War, Causes of War, Types of War Strategic Culture: Determinants of Pakistani strategic culture Deterrence: theory and Practices With special reference to Nuclear India and Pakistan  File Photo: Pakistani SSG Commandoes  War, Causes of War, Types of War War is an organized effort by a government or other large organization to stop or defeat something that is viewed dangerous or bad. It is defined as s ubstantial arms conflict between the organized military forces of independent political units.  War excludes the domestic conflicts, and considered as instrument of international politics and last resort to protect national interest.  A condition when there is no actual conflict but a permanent cold war that could become a “real” war at any time – State of war. Causes of the war: the level of analysis concept can be used to explain why wars begin? 1) The individual level – theories about war center on rationality . Such as realism says intern...

Topics Covered  Conceptualization of Security in Twenty First Century Elements of Power  and National Power Balance of Power and its types Foreign Policy: Determinants, Decision Making and Analysis  Sovereignty: and Its types National Interest Security in Twenty First Century Conceptualization of Security in Twenty First Century The concept of s ecurity dates back to ancient times.  Machiavelli (1469-1527) in his book “Prince” mentions that successful prince would provide security to his state and citizens.  Machiavelli also based theory of social contract and state formation on concept of security in his book “Leviathan”. Present day, international security is also called as Global Security. International Security ( IS) emerged as new subject as “security studies” with end of World War – II.  The reason UN was established on 24 th oct, 1945 to solve security issues and bring peace.  It has five dimensions that include human, environment, national, t...