Posts

CSS: Gender Studies - Gender and Governance

Image
Topics Covered:   Suffragist Movement Gender Issues in Women as Voters  Gender Issues in Women as Candidates/Representative  Impact of Women Political Quota/Participation in Pakistan  Suffragist Movement in the USA Suffragist Movement Suffrage means the right to vote in political elections. It is a sad fact that throughout history, there have been many restrictions placed on who can and can’t vote, based on things like age, gender, race, education, wealth and social status. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, men in the UK, USA and other parts of world had the right to vote but women did not. Many people – including women – didn’t believe that women should be able to vote. Even  Queen Victoria  called the fight for women’s rights a “mad, wicked folly” – despite being a powerful woman herself! In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many women started to campaign for women’s rights. ...

CSS IR-I: International Political Economy (IPE)

Image
Topics Covered: International Political Economy  Theories of IPE: Mercantilism, Economic Liberalism, and Neo-Marxism Theories of Imperialism: Dependence and Interdependence, World System theory International Political Economy International Political Economy IPE is the study of inter-relationship between economic and politics and between states and markets. It explains how politics is used to gain economic goals and vice versa.  Susan Strange is considered to be founding mother of IPE. She founded IPEG at the Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House in 1971.  It is relatively new sub discipline of IR whose first text book was published in 1977.  But its history dates back to 17 th century when modern nation states after (TOW, 1648) developed their economic policies and overall economic system – Mercantilism.  During that time economic relations were carried in context of Imperialism – small number of states controlled most of the world both ...

Violence and Vigilance: The Clash of Extremism and Pluralism in Sindh

Image
The same has been published in Strafasia click here Sindh Police Strike on protestors in Karachi Sindh has a remarkable history of resistance that dates back to 712 AD, culminating in recent events surrounding the tragic death of Dr. Shahnawaz. He was killed by the Umerkot Police under dubious charges of blasphemy last month. Following his death, a charged mob desecrated his body, igniting a wave of reactions across society. While some religious factions praised the police, showering them with flowers in a misguided celebration of extrajudicial killings, civil society and Sindhi nationalists condemned the barbaric actions of the Sindh police. This backlash eventually caught the attention of the Sindh government, but not until several days had passed after the Umerkot incident. Their realization was not instinctive; it was propelled by mounting pressure from Sindhi activists—teachers, poets, and artists demanding justice. In response, the Sindh Home Minister appeared on television to an...

CSS IR-I: Strategic Approaches to International Relations

Image
Topics Covered War, Causes of War, Types of War Strategic Culture: Determinants of Pakistani strategic culture Deterrence: theory and Practices With special reference to Nuclear India and Pakistan  File Photo: Pakistani SSG Commandoes  War, Causes of War, Types of War War is an organized effort by a government or other large organization to stop or defeat something that is viewed dangerous or bad. It is defined as s ubstantial arms conflict between the organized military forces of independent political units.  War excludes the domestic conflicts, and considered as instrument of international politics and last resort to protect national interest.  A condition when there is no actual conflict but a permanent cold war that could become a “real” war at any time – State of war. Causes of the war: the level of analysis concept can be used to explain why wars begin? 1) The individual level – theories about war center on rationality . Such as realism says intern...

CSS IR-I: International Political Security

Image
Topics Covered  Conceptualization of Security in Twenty First Century Elements of Power  and National Power Balance of Power and its types Foreign Policy: Determinants, Decision Making and Analysis  Sovereignty: and Its types National Interest Security in Twenty First Century Conceptualization of Security in Twenty First Century The concept of s ecurity dates back to ancient times.  Machiavelli (1469-1527) in his book “Prince” mentions that successful prince would provide security to his state and citizens.  Machiavelli also based theory of social contract and state formation on concept of security in his book “Leviathan”. Present day, international security is also called as Global Security. International Security ( IS) emerged as new subject as “security studies” with end of World War – II.  The reason UN was established on 24 th oct, 1945 to solve security issues and bring peace.  It has five dimensions that include human, environment, national, t...